#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int Mod=998244353;
void solve() {
int n;
string s;
cin >> n >> s;
ll ans =0;
int cnt=0;
for(int i=0;i<s.size();i++){
if(s[i]=='1') cnt++;
}
ans=cnt;
ans*=n;
ans-=cnt;
ans+=n-cnt;
cout << ans << '\n';
}
int main(){
ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(nullptr);
int t;
cin >> t;
while (t--) solve();
return 0;
}
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